ExPASy proteomics server

This was basically a server created solely for Swiss institute of bioinformatics(SIB)..

• Main areas of focus being Protein sequence structure as well as 2D PAGE..

UniProt

This was a joint initiative comprising of the three significant protein database banks:

• Protein Information Research(PIR)- by Georgetown univ
• Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics(SIB)
• European Molecular Biology Labs(EMBL) (EIB)

Protein Data Bank(PDB)

Protein Databank Bank(PDB) maintained by RCSB...Non- profit consortium of three organisations:

1, Rutgers State Univ.(NJ)

2. San diego Super computer center(Univ of California)(SD)

3. National institute of standards & technology.

International collaborations include:

European Bioinformatics Institute Macromolecular structure Db Group

institute for protein research,Osaka univ(japan)

EMBL(European Molecular Biology Labs)

PROTEIN DATABANKS: Protein Information Resource(PIR)

The Protein Information Resource (PIR) is an integrated public bioinformatics resource to support genomic, proteomic and systems biology research and scientific studies (Wu et al., 2003).

PIR was established in 1984 by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) as a resource to assist researchers in the identification and interpretation of protein sequence information. Prior to that, the NBRF compiled the first comprehensive collection of macromolecular sequences in the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, published from 1965-1978 under the editorship of Margaret O. Dayhoff. Dr. Dayhoff and her research group pioneered in the development of computer methods for the comparison of protein sequences, for the detection of distantly related sequences and duplications within sequences, and for the inference of evolutionary histories from alignments of protein sequences.

Dr. Winona Barker and Dr. Robert Ledley assumed leadership of the project after the untimely death of Dr. Dayhoff in 1983. In 1999 Dr. Cathy H. Wu joined NBRF, and later on Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC), to head the bioinformatics efforts of PIR, and has served first as Principal Investigator and, since 2001, as Director.

For over four decades, beginning with the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, PIR has provided protein databases and analysis tools freely accessible to the scientific community including the Protein Sequence Database (PSD).

In 2002 PIR, along with its international partners, EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute) and SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics), were awarded a grant from NIH to create UniProt, a single worldwide database of protein sequence and function, by unifying the PIR-PSD, Swiss-Prot, and TrEMBL databases.

In 2009 Dr. Wu accepted the Edward G. Jefferson Chair of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the University of Delaware (UD).

Today, PIR maintains staff at UD and GUMC and continues to offer world leading resources to assist with proteomic and genomic data integration and the propagation and standardization of protein annotation.

The image above basically represents the main DATABASE HOUSES amongst which the significant Nucleotide(DNA/RNA), Protein residues are excahnged and updated...

DNA DATABANK OF JAPAN(DDBJ)

DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is the sole nucleotide sequence data bank in Asia, which is officially certified to collect nucleotide sequences from researchers and to issue the internationally recognized accession number to data submitters. Since we exchange the collected data with EMBL-Bank/EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute) and GenBank/NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) on a daily basis, the three data banks share virtually the same data at any given time. The virtually unified database is called "the International Nucleotide Sequence Database (INSD)". DDBJ collects sequence data mainly from Japanese researchers, but of course accepts data and issue the accession number to researchers in any other countries.
DDBJ is organized by the Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan (CIB-DDBJ) of the National Institute of Genetics (NIG) with endorsement of The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). 99% of INSD data from Japanese researchers are submitted through DDBJ.
The principal purpose of DDBJ operations is to improve the quality of INSD, as public domains. When researchers make their data open to the public through INSD and commonly shared in world wide, we at DDBJ make efforts to describe information on the data as rich as possible, according to the unified rules of INSD, preferably without any stress by using DDBJ.

The NEW FRONTIER IN BIOINFORMATICS

SYSTEM BIOLOGY...

What exactly is "BIOINFORMATICS"?(2)

In the past scientists(biologists,biotechnologist,chemists) used to rely on real time experiments and practical approach for deriving even minute details of a study,Manuel approach for study always required the scientist to do experiments and take measurements(temp,enzyme,etc) with exact precession even a single error could result in an abortive experimentation and thus wastage of hard work, finance etc...with the advancement of technology we observed an increasing influence of technology in the field of Biotechnology , Molecular biology later Drugs and pharmaceutical industry... This ever increasing influential part of technology involving Molecular biology,BT.This application of Information technology in molecular biology was later termed as BIOINFORMATICS coined by PAULIEN HOEGWEG in 1979..thus the scientist community could easily rely on machine derived calculations and values for deriving experiments making the work less erroneous and low manual workload.

In Vitro work into In Silico work is the main bioinformatics application